The elected senators must be at least 40 years of age and their electors must be over In addition to elected members, the Senate also includes life senators - who are appointed by the President of the Republic "for outstanding merits in the social, scientific, artistic or literary field" - and the former Presidents of the Republic, who are ex officio life senators.
Senato della Repubblica - English version. Site areas main navigation go to the menu. Ricerca Invia. Italy is headed by a President who appoints a Prime Minister, the elected head of government. The seat of government is Rome, where the President resides in the Palazzo del Quirinale, the chamber of deputies sits in the Palazzo Montecitorio and the senate occupies the Palazzo Madama.
He is elected every seven years by a college comprising both chambers of parliament and three representatives from each region. The minimum age for presidential candidates is The current President, Giorgio Napolitano, took office in He may dissolve parliament except during the last six months of his term of office , either on his own initiative in consultation with the presidents of both chambers or at the request of the government, and he has the power to call special sessions of parliament and delay legislation.
Some of these acts must be ratified by the government. Parliament The Italian parliament parlamento is bicameral, consisting of two chambers or assemblies: the Senate of the Republic Senato della Repubblica with members called senators and the Chamber of Deputies Camera dei Deputati with members deputies.
The assemblies enjoy equal power and are both elected by universal suffrage. Parliament is elected every five years, although few Italian governments run their course, the average length of office being less than a year. The senators and deputies must declare to which parliamentary group they intend to belong, and any political group consisting of at least 10 senators and 20 deputies has the right to be represented in parliament.
The government is appointed by the President and is led by the president of the council of ministers il Presidente del Consiglio , more commonly referred to as the Prime Minister.
Although the government carries out the executive functions of the state, in emergencies it also has powers to approve laws by decree. Parliament can be dissolved by the President, e. Ministerial appointments are negotiated by the parties constituting the government majority and each new government must receive a vote of confidence in both houses of parliament within ten days of its appointment.
If at any time the government fails to maintain the confidence of either house, it must resign. Splits in the coalition of two or more parties that have united to form a government have caused most resignations in the past.
The most important function of parliament is ordinary legislation. Bills may be presented in parliament by the government, by individual members, or by bodies such as the National Council for Economy and Labour, various regional councils, or communes, as well as by petition of 50, citizens of the electorate or through a referendum.
Bills must be approved by both houses before they become law; thus, whenever one house introduces an amendment to a draft approved by the other house, the latter must approve the amended draft. The law comes into force when published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale. The DC was the dominant governing party in various alliances with smaller parties of the centre and left, and the principal opposition parties were the PCI and the MSI.
The Prime Minister also known as the President of Council is appointed by the President of Italy, as are the Ministers who form his cabinet, based on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. The Government must have the support of both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, so Parliament exercises a significant degree of control over the Prime Minister and his Cabinet.
The Prime Minister can be removed through a vote of no confidence from the majority coalition in Parliament, after which the President must either dissolve Parliament for new elections or appoint a new Prime Minister from within the current Parliament to lead it.
There have been nineteen legislatures, forty-three consecutive premierships, and sixty-five different cabinets in the history of the Italian Government. The President of Italy is responsible for upholding many of the same duties as the King of Italy once had, as his role brings together the three branches of the Italian political framework — the legislature, the executive and the judiciary.
He also acts as the commander-in-chief of the Italian military. Constitutionally, any Italian citizen over the age of fifty who has civil and political rights can be elected president.
In addition, the President cannot retain office in any other institution and has a salary and privileges set in stone by the law. The President has the power to authorise bills, dissolve Parliament, call a referendum, declare war, and grant pardons, among many others; he can be impeached in instances of high treason or constitutional violations. The judicial system in Italy is derived from Roman law and the Napoleonic code, and is a mix of adversarial and inquisitorial law systems.
The Italian judiciary branch is completely autonomous and independent, but the Minister of Justice remains responsible for any services linked to justice and can discipline judges if required.
0コメント